Theophylline (Theophyllinum) - the description, contraindications, application

The latin name: Theophylline

Theophylline Pharmacological groups: Adenosinergeticall agents

Theophylline Working substance: Theophylline

Theophylline Application: the Bronchial asthma, the asthmatic status, an obstructive bronchitis, an emphysema mild, an apnea at newborns (an auxiliary agent).

Theophylline Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, including and to other derivants of a xanthine (a coffeine, Theobrominum), a hemorrhagic insult, a retinal apoplexy of an eye, the acute myocardial infarction, the expressed atherosclerosis of coronary arterias, a bleeding in a recent anamnesis, pregnancy, a feeding a breast (for the period of treatment stop).

Theophylline Side effects: Anxiety, infringement of consciousness, a cramp, a visual disturbance, a scotoma, attacks of a stenocardia, an arrhythmia, a tachycardia, a hypotonia, a laryngitis, a tickle in a throat, an influenzal set of symptoms, an obstruction of a nose, a xerostomia, an anorexia, a nausea, a vomiting, a heartburn, an exacerbation of a cholecystitis, a cholestatic hepatitis, strengthening of hepatic enzymes (nuclear heating plant, an alkaline phosphatase, the LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE), an atony of an intestine, a leukopenia, a hypofibrinogenemia, a pancytopenia, a thrombocytopenia, allergic reactions.

Theophylline Interaction: Cimetidinum, Allopyrinolum, cyclosporines And, macrolide antibiotics, oral contraceptives, influenza Serum, a diet with the low maintenance of protein and high - carbohydrates - reduce a clearance and enlarge risk of development of by-effects. Fenobarbitalum, Phenytoinum, xanthines, smoking - accelerate a biotransformation (induce microsomal enzymes of a liver). Beta - adrenoblockers reduce broncholytic activity. The adsorbents enveloping agents, antacids, oxidizers retard an adsorption and reduce Cmax, and alkalizing substances - rise. Strengthens effects of diuretics, reduces - the NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (from group of derivants of pyrazyl ketone), beta - adrenoblockers, a probenecid.

Theophylline Overdosage: Signs: an agitation, a confusion of consciousness, a cramp, a tachycardia, an arrhythmia, a hypotonia, a nausea, a diarrhea, a vomiting with impurity of a blood, a hyperglycemia, a hypokalemia, a metabolic acidosis. Treatment: purpose of absorbent coal, an irrigation of an intestine a combination of polyethylene glycol and salts; at the expressed nausea and a vomiting - Metoclopramidum or (intravenously), cramps - benzodiazepines, Fenobarbitalum (or Thiopentalum of a sodium) and peripheric relaxants; if necessary - a hemoperfusion.

Theophylline Way of application and dose: Inside, after meal the adult (nonretard forms) - 0,1-0,2 g 2-4 times day. The highest single and diurnal doses make 0,4 and 1,2 g accordingly. To children: from 2 till 4 years - 0,01-0,04 g, 5-6 years - 0,04-0,06 g, 7-9 years - 0,05-0,075 g, 10-14 years - 0,05-0,1 g on reception.

Theophylline Precautionary measures: Treatment by retard forms is manufactured at the periodic control of concentration of a drug over a blood (should not exceed 20 mkg / ml).

Trading names of drugs with working substance Theophylline:
100 (Spophyllin retard 100) (Theostat) Theophyllinum (Theophyllinum-N.S) 250 (Spophyllin retard 250) (Theotard) (Theopecum) Theophyllinum (Theophyllinum)