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Medical Information:

Epanutin capsules, oral suspension and infatabs all contain the active ingredient phenytoin, which is a type of medicine called an anticonvulsant. (NB. Phenytoin is also available without a brand name, ie as the generic medicine.) Phenytoin is used to treat epilepsy and works by stabilising electrical activity in the brain.

The brain and nerves are made up of many nerve cells that communicate with each other through electrical signals. These signals must be carefully regulated for the brain and nerves to function properly. When abnormally rapid and repetitive electrical signals are released in the brain, the brain becomes over-stimulated and normal function is disturbed. This can result in fits or seizures.

Phenytoin prevents seizures by preventing the excessive electrical activity in the brain. It is thought to achieve this by preventing sodium from entering nerve cells when they begin to fire rapid and repetitive electrical signals. A build up of sodium in the nerve cells is necessary for the electrical signal to build up and be passed on to other nerve cells. As phenytoin prevents this, it helps stabilise the electrical activity in the brain.

As phenytoin stabilises electrical nerve activity, it can also be used to treat a condition called trigeminal neuralgia, in which the facial nerves spontaneously send messages of pain to the brain. Phenytoin prevents the nerve signals being sent inappropriately and relieves the pain of this condition. Phenytoin should only be used as second line therapy for this condition, in people who cannot take another medicine called carbamazepine, or for people in whom carbamazepine is ineffective.

What is it used for?<>Epilepsy. Phenytoin is used to treat generalised tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal epilepsy) and partial seizures.

Seizures associated with brain surgery or head injury.

Severe pain in the lips, gums, cheek, chin or eye caused by a disorder of the nerves in the face (trigeminal neuralgia).